Zulfa Faturullah Hermansyah (36)
XII IPS 2
EXPLANATION TEXT PART 2
A. DEFINITION OF EXPLANATION TEXT
Explanation text is a text that provides an explanation of information about the phenomenon of causality or cause and effect. These phenomena can be in the form of social, cultural, political, legal, economic phenomena, to natural phenomena.
Through explanatory texts, every event that occurs around us is not only observed and felt, but also used as learning.
B. THE FUNCTION OF EXPLANATION TEXT
Explantion text is a text that has the function of explaining or analyzing the process of appearing or happening of something and also the causes and effects of something.
So, it can be concluded that the function of an explanatory text is to explain or analyze the process of appearing or happening something and also the causes and effects of something.
C. STRUCTURE OF EXPLANATION TEXT
A general statement
Namely the introduction of an event that we will tell. Or general explanation about the event. In the general statement contains a general explanation of phenomenon to be discussed, can be an introduction to the phenomenon or the explanation.
Sequenced explanations
That is an explanation of why and how the event occurred. In this section the author can write more than one paragraph. Sequenced explanations contain explanations the process of why these phenomena can occur or are created.
Sequenced explanations in the form of answers to the questions why and how the author when making an explanation text. Sequenced explanations can consist of more than one paragraph.
Closing / Concluding Statements
That is the conclusion or conclusion of the story. Actually the closing is not listed in the generic structure of explanation text, but most people assume that the last paragraph of an explanation text is closing, even though it is the part of sequenced explanations that contains the final steps described in sequenced explanations section.
D. LINGUISTIC FEATURES
- Focus on generic things, not focus on human participants (nonhuman participants). Examples: tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, rain, and air.
- It is possible to use scientific terms. Use more material verbs and relational verbs (active verbs).
- Using conjunctions of time and causality. For example: so, first, if, if, before, and then.
- Use passive voice.
- Explanations are written to justify that something causally explained is true.
- Use Present tense
- Reference to people should not be given
- Use of technical terms and language relevants to the subjects
E. PASSIVE VOICE IN EXPLANATION TEXT
| EXAMPLE |
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| The teacher is going to explain the the lesson | The lesson is going to be explained by lthe teacher |
| She closed the door | The door was closed by her. |
| FORMING PASSIVE VOICE |
| Tense | Be+ Past Particple | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am, is, are + made | The painting is made by her. |
| Present Progressive | am, is, are+ being+ sent | The book is being sent right now. |
| Present Perfect | has, have +been +sold | The copyrights of the books have been sold. |
| Past Simple | was, were+ invited | He was invited by Carl. |
| Past Progressive | was, were + being+ washed | Their bikes were being washed while they were running in the park. |
| Past Perfect | Had+ been+ hired | All the employees had been hired before the school started. |
| Future (will) | Will be +signed | A contract will be signed by her. |
| Future (going to) | am, is, are+ going to be built | A bridge is going to be built by them within the next few years. |
| Future Perfect | Will+ have been+ started | The job will have been started by the first of June. |
POWER POINT:
VIDEO:
EXERCISE PART D & E (PAGE 20-21)
D. PENUGASAN MANDIRI
Untuk lebih memahami tentang penggunaan kalimat pasif yang benar, ayo kita coba
kerjakan latihan soal berikut ini.
Choose the right passive voice form!
1. Mommy cleans the room every day.
A. The room was clean by mommy every day
B. The room is clean by mommy every day
C. The room is cleaned by mommy every day
D. Mommy is cleaned the room every day
E. The room was being cleaned by mommy every day
2. My uncle fixed the toy yesterday. The passive voice of the sentence is ....
A. My uncle was fixed the toy yesterday
B. The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday
C. The toy was fix by my uncle yesterday
D. My uncle was being fixed the toy yesterday
E. The toy had been fixed by my uncle yesterday
3. Joe has taken a Mandarin course.
A. Joe has been taken a Mandarin course
B. A Mandarin course taken by Joe
C. A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe
D. Mandarin courses have taken by Joe
E. Mandarin course will be taken by Joe
4. In the 1920’s, this TV ....
A. is manufactured
B. was manufactured
C. will be manufactured
D. is going to manufactured
E. would manufacture
5. She ... to my wedding party.
A. are invited
B. have been invited
C. has been invited
D. invited
E. has invited
6. Her first novel ... tomorrow morning.
A. is launched
B. was launched
C. will be launched
D. has launched
E. have launched
PHOTO ON MY NOTEBOOK:
E. LATIHAN SOAL
1. Give the generic structure of the text below by giving the name for every
paragraph in boxes given.
2. Write an explanation text telling about how rainbow is formed. Don’t forget
to make a draft and include passive voices in your text.
How Rainbow is Formed
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon caused by the refraction and reflection of light in droplets of water, which results in the appearance of a spectrum of light in the sky. Rainbows appear in the form of a multicolored bow. When caused by water and sun, rainbows appear on the side of the sky that is directly opposite the sun. They can be full circles at times, but to the average observer, only the arc will be visible.
The colors in a rainbow are those found in the color spectrum of white light as it divides. There are 7 main colors that you can see in a rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. When the sunlight hits the water droplets, the 7 colors appear. As the sunlight moves from air to water, the colors of light slow down to varying speeds – depending on their frequency. As the violet light enters the raindrop, it bends at a sharp angle. On the right side of the water droplet, some light is passed back into by the air, while the rest reflects backwards. Raindrops that are higher in the sky disperse light so that only the red light is visible to the observer’s eye. The droplets between red and violet reflect different colors so that an observer sees a full color spectrum.
Sunlight hitting a raindrop in the atmosphere is refracted on the surface of the raindrop and enters the droplet. Once refraction occurs, the light breaks up into seven colors inside the raindrop; it is then reflected to the other side of the raindrop after traveling inside it. When the light in the raindrop refracts, the spectrum forms to make the 7 colors of the rainbow appear. During reflection, the angle (of reflection) is equal to the angle of incidence; this means that reflected light travels along a set path and maintains the difference of the refraction angle. A rainbow is a bunch of raindrops hanging in the atmosphere that divide the sunlight into 7 colors, like a prism.
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